Photo: Shutterstock

Theme: What can X-ray microscopy be used for?

On the DanMAX beamline, a concentrated X-ray will be sent out to two measuring stations, enabling researchers to see inside a wide range of materials. One of these measuring stations is an X-ray microscope.

Efficient energy storage

Catalysts, fuel cells, and technologies for ammonia storage play a central role in energy storage and conversion. All three technologies employ porous materials through which water and gases diffuse.

To improve the performance of these technologies, it is necessary to understand what is going on at the microscopic scale—e.g. how gas and liquid penetrate the porous materials—and to gain more knowledge about the pore size and shape of the materials. DanMAX enables researchers to predict how the materials are broken down and to follow the liquid streams in real time—and in 3D. 

   Photo: Shutterstock
 Photo: Shutterstock    

Safer drugs

When you are in the business of manufacturing a wide range of drugs—crystalline drugs such as Paracetamol, for example— it is essential that you understand and control the crystallization processes. With the help of DanMAX, X-ray diffraction methods can be used to monitor the crystallization of substances from a solution—and to monitor chemical changes such as water absorption and dessication under changing temperatures and humidity.

DanMAX will enable researchers to study much closer the crucial early stages of crystallization and structural changes over time than is currently possible.

Better biological materials

Nature offers a wealth of examples of sophisticated properties—mussels that can glue themselves to both rough and smooth materials under water—or bones made of a complex composite material of nanocrystalline calcium phosphate and proteins that affords lightness and strength.

Due to the lack of analysis tools, the bones’ structure and shelf-life, for example, are far from understood. The same applies to the consequences of using artificially produced biomaterials in the body. With DanMAX, researchers will be able to examine samples in complex environments, 3D, and over time—and thus be able to develop materials with advanced properties. In addition, the beamline is designed for analyses of biological and bio-inspired materials.

   Photo: Shutterstock
 Photo: Shutterstock  

Stronger metals

With X-ray microscopy you can map cereals, orientations, phases, and local voltages in polycrystalline materials such as metals, ceramics, and certain building materials.

With DanMAX, you can establish and test materials models and gain a more detailed understanding of how metals are deformed and harden, and how dislocations arise—thus paving the way for new, more durable materials in such sectors as energy and construction.

New food products and packaging

DanMAX will enable researchers to analyse food products such as meat, emulsions, dairy products, sweets, and fruit to create new state-of-the-art packaging. The development of new products requires effective and powerful techniques that can map the product components without damaging them.

3D, high-contrast, X-ray imaging is ideal for analysing tissue (e.g. lard) and light materials, making it possible to follow processes and see structural changes in the food as they are taking place—during heating and cooling, for example.

   Photo: Shutterstock
 Photo: Shutterstock  

Larger wind turbine blades

Wind turbine blades feature, among other things, fibre-reinforced composites, where the most important material properties are high rigidity, compressive strength, and high resistance to material fatigue.

DanMAX studies using X-ray tomography can visualize the fibres’ architecture in detail, providing new knowledge about how material fatigue develops. By controlling these properties, it will be possible to produce longer, lighter, and more durable blades, thus reducing the price of wind turbine electricity.